任务

安装工具

安装并设置 kubectl

Install Minikube

管理集群

用 kubeadm 进行管理

使用 kubeadm 进行证书管理

将 kubeadm 集群从 v1.13 升级到 v1.14

管理内存，CPU 和 API 资源

Install a Network Policy Provider

使用 Calico 作为 NetworkPolicy

使用 Cilium 作为 NetworkPolicy

使用 Kube-router 作为 NetworkPolicy

使用 Romana 作为 NetworkPolicy

使用 Weave Net 作为 NetworkPolicy

Debug DNS 方案

IP Masquerade Agent 用户指南

Kubernetes 云管理控制器

Safely Drain a Node while Respecting the PodDisruptionBudget (EN)

为 Kubernetes 运行 etcd 集群

使用 Kubernetes API 访问集群

关键插件 Pod 的调度保证

启用端点切片

命名空间演练

在 Kubernetes 集群中使用 NodeLocal DNSCache

在 Kubernetes 集群中使用 sysctl

在实时集群上重新配置节点的 Kubelet

搭建高可用的 Kubernetes Masters

改变默认 StorageClass

更改 PersistentVolume 的回收策略

配置 Pods 和容器

Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods (EN)

Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods

Configure GMSA for Windows Pods and containers (EN)

Configure RunAsUserName for Windows pods and containers (EN)

配置 Pod 的服务质量

为容器分派扩展资源

配置 Pod 以使用卷进行存储

配置 Pod 以使用 PersistentVolume 作为存储

配置 Pod 使用投射卷作存储

Configure a Security Context for a Pod or Container (EN)

为 Pod 配置服务账户

从私有仓库拉取镜像

Configure Liveness, Readiness and Startup Probes (EN)

Create static Pods (EN)

将 Docker Compose 文件转换为 Kubernetes 资源

管理 Kubernetes 对象

Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files (EN)

Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Kustomize (EN)

Managing Kubernetes Objects Using Imperative Commands (EN)

使用配置文件对 Kubernetes 对象进行命令式管理

给应用注入数据

为容器设置启动时要执行的命令及其入参

为容器设置环境变量

使用 PodPreset 将信息注入 Pods

运行应用

使用 kubectl patch 更新 API 对象

删除 StatefulSet

强制删除 StatefulSet 类型的 Pods

基于Replication Controller执行滚动升级

Pod 水平自动伸缩

Horizontal Pod Autoscaler演练

指定应用程序的中断预算（Disruption Budget）

使用Deployment运行一个无状态应用

运行 Jobs

访问集群中的应用程序

Set up Ingress on Minikube with the NGINX Ingress Controller (EN)

监控、日志和排错

Auditing with Falco (EN)

Logging Using Stackdriver (EN)

StackDriver 中的事件

使用 crictl 对 Kubernetes 节点进行调试

使用 ElasticSearch 和 Kibana 进行日志管理

调试 Pods 和 Replication Controllers

扩展 Kubernetes

使用自定义资源

Extend the Kubernetes API with CustomResourceDefinitions (EN)

用户自定义资源版本

配置聚合层

设置一个扩展的 API server

使用 HTTP 代理访问 Kubernetes API

TLS

管理集群中的 TLS 认证

证书轮换

联邦 - 在多个集群上运行一个应用

Set up Cluster Federation with Kubefed (EN)

将 CoreDNS 设置为联邦集群的 DNS 提供者

使用联合服务来实现跨集群的服务发现

管理联邦控制平面

Federated Cluster (EN)

Federated Horizontal Pod Autoscalers (HPA) (EN)

Federated Ingress (EN)

管理集群守护进程

安装服务目录

使用 Helm 安装 Service Catalog

网络

使用 ConfigMap 配置 Pod

ConfigMap 允许您将配置文件与镜像文件分离，以使容器化的应用程序具有可移植性。该页面提供了一系列使用示例，这些示例演示了如何使用存储在 ConfigMap 中的数据创建 ConfigMap 和配置 Pod。

准备开始
创建 ConfigMap
了解 ConfigMap 和 Pod
接下来

准备开始

你必须拥有一个 Kubernetes 的集群，同时你的 Kubernetes 集群必须带有 kubectl 命令行工具。如果你还没有集群，你可以通过 Minikube 构建一个你自己的集群，或者你可以使用下面任意一个 Kubernetes 工具构建：

要获知版本信息，请输入 kubectl version.

创建 ConfigMap

您可以在 kustomization.yaml 中使用 kubectl create configmap 或 ConfigMap 生成器来创建ConfigMap。注意，从 1.14 版本开始， kubectl 开始支持 kustomization.yaml。

使用 kubectl 创建 ConfigMap

在目录, 文件, 或者文字值中使用 kubectl create configmap 命令创建configmap：

kubectl create configmap <map-name> <data-source>

其中， <map-name> 是要分配给 ConfigMap 的名称，<data-source> 是要从中提取数据的目录，文件或者文字值。

数据源对应于 ConfigMap 中的 key-value (键值对)

key = 您在命令行上提供的文件名或者密钥
value = 您在命令行上提供的文件内容或者文字值

您可以使用kubectl describe或者 kubectl get检索有关 ConfigMap 的信息。

根据目录创建 ConfigMap

你可以使用 kubectl create configmap 从同一目录中的多个文件创建 ConfigMap。

例如：

Create the local directory

Download the sample files into `configure-pod-container/configmap/` directory

Create the configmap

# 创建本地目录
mkdir -p configure-pod-container/configmap/

# 将样本文件下载到 `configure-pod-container/configmap/` 目录
wget https://kubernetes.io/examples/configmap/game.properties -O configure-pod-container/configmap/game.properties
wget https://kubernetes.io/examples/configmap/ui.properties -O configure-pod-container/configmap/ui.properties

# 创建 configmap
kubectl create c game-config --from-file=configure-pod-container/configmap/

合并 configure-pod-container/configmap/ 目录的内容

game.properties
ui.properties

进入以下 ConfigMap 中：

kubectl describe configmaps game-config

输出类似以下内容：

Name:           game-config
Namespace:      default
Labels:         <none>
Annotations:    <none>

Data
====
game.properties:        158 bytes
ui.properties:          83 bytes

configure-pod-container/configmap/ 目录中的 game.properties 和 ui.properties 文件在 ConfigMap 的 data 部分中表示。

kubectl get configmaps game-config -o yaml

输出类似以下内容:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2016-02-18T18:52:05Z
  name: game-config
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "516"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/game-config
  uid: b4952dc3-d670-11e5-8cd0-68f728db1985
data:
  game.properties: |
    enemies=aliens
    lives=3
    enemies.cheat=true
    enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
    secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAS
    secret.code.allowed=true
    secret.code.lives=30
  ui.properties: |
    color.good=purple
    color.bad=yellow
    allow.textmode=true
    how.nice.to.look=fairlyNice

根据文件创建 ConfigMap

您可以使用 kubectl create configmap 从单个文件或多个文件创建 ConfigMap。

例如

kubectl create configmap game-config-2 --from-file=configure-pod-container/configmap/game.properties

将产生以下 ConfigMap:

kubectl describe configmaps game-config-2

输出类似以下内容:

Name:           game-config-2
Namespace:      default
Labels:         <none>
Annotations:    <none>

Data
====
game.properties:        158 bytes

您可以传入多个 --from-file 参数，从多个数据源创建 ConfigMap。

kubectl create configmap game-config-2 --from-file=configure-pod-container/configmap/game.properties --from-file=configure-pod-container/configmap/ui.properties

描述上面创建的 game-config-2 configmap

kubectl describe configmaps game-config-2

输出类似以下内容:

Name:           game-config-2
Namespace:      default
Labels:         <none>
Annotations:    <none>

Data
====
game.properties:        158 bytes
ui.properties:          83 bytes

使用 --from-env-file 选项从环境文件创建 ConfigMap，例如：

# 环境文件包含环境变量列表。
# 语法规则:
#   env 文件中的每一行必须为 VAR = VAL 格式。
#   以＃开头的行(即注释)将被忽略。
#   空行将被忽略。
#   引号没有特殊处理(即它们将成为 ConfigMap 值的一部分)。 

# 将样本文件下载到 `configure-pod-container/configmap/` 目录
wget https://kubernetes.io/examples/configmap/game-env-file.properties -O configure-pod-container/configmap/game-env-file.properties

# env文件 `game-env-file.properties` 如下所示
cat configure-pod-container/configmap/game-env-file.properties
enemies=aliens
lives=3
allowed="true"

# 注释及其上方的空行将被忽略

kubectl create configmap game-config-env-file \
       --from-env-file=configure-pod-container/configmap/game-env-file.properties

将产生以下 ConfigMap:

kubectl get configmap game-config-env-file -o yaml

输出类似以下内容:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2017-12-27T18:36:28Z
  name: game-config-env-file
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "809965"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/game-config-env-file
  uid: d9d1ca5b-eb34-11e7-887b-42010a8002b8
data:
  allowed: '"true"'
  enemies: aliens
  lives: "3"

当使用多个 --from-env-file 来从多个数据源创建 ConfigMap 时，仅仅最后一个 env 文件有效:

# 将样本文件下载到 `configure-pod-container/configmap/` 目录
wget https://k8s.io/examples/configmap/ui-env-file.properties -O configure-pod-container/configmap/ui-env-file.properties

# 创建 configmap
kubectl create configmap config-multi-env-files \
        --from-env-file=configure-pod-container/configmap/game-env-file.properties \
        --from-env-file=configure-pod-container/configmap/ui-env-file.properties

将产生以下 ConfigMap:

kubectl get configmap config-multi-env-files -o yaml

输出类似以下内容:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2017-12-27T18:38:34Z
  name: config-multi-env-files
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "810136"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/config-multi-env-files
  uid: 252c4572-eb35-11e7-887b-42010a8002b8
data:
  color: purple
  how: fairlyNice
  textmode: "true"

定义从文件创建 ConfigMa p时要使用的密钥

您可以在使用 --from-file 参数时,在 ConfigMap 的 data 部分中定义除文件名以外的其他键:

kubectl create configmap game-config-3 --from-file=<my-key-name>=<path-to-file>

<my-key-name> 是您要在 ConfigMap 中使用的密钥， <path-to-file> 是您想要键表示数据源文件的位置。

例如:

kubectl create configmap game-config-3 --from-file=game-special-key=configure-pod-container/configmap/game.properties

将产生以下 ConfigMap:

kubectl get configmaps game-config-3 -o yaml

输出类似以下内容:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2016-02-18T18:54:22Z
  name: game-config-3
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "530"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/game-config-3
  uid: 05f8da22-d671-11e5-8cd0-68f728db1985
data:
  game-special-key: |
    enemies=aliens
    lives=3
    enemies.cheat=true
    enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
    secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAS
    secret.code.allowed=true
    secret.code.lives=30

根据文字值创建 ConfigMap

您可以将 kubectl create configmap 与 --from-literal 参数一起使用，从命令行定义文字值:

kubectl create configmap special-config --from-literal=special.how=very --from-literal=special.type=charm

您可以传入多个键值对。命令行中提供的每对在 ConfigMap 的 data 部分中均表示为单独的条目。

kubectl get configmaps special-config -o yaml

输出类似以下内容:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2016-02-18T19:14:38Z
  name: special-config
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "651"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/special-config
  uid: dadce046-d673-11e5-8cd0-68f728db1985
data:
  special.how: very
  special.type: charm

根据生成器创建 ConfigMap

自 1.14 开始， kubectl 开始支持 kustomization.yaml。您还可以从生成器创建 ConfigMap，然后将其应用于 Apiserver 创建对象。生成器应在目录内的 kustomization.yaml 中指定。

根据文件生成 ConfigMap

例如，要从 configure-pod-container/configmap/kubectl/game.properties 文件生成一个 ConfigMap

# 使用 ConfigMapGenerator 创建 kustomization.yaml 文件
cat <<EOF >./kustomization.yaml
configMapGenerator:
- name: game-config-4
  files:
  - configure-pod-container/configmap/kubectl/game.properties
EOF

使用 kustomization 目录创建 ConfigMap 对象

kubectl apply -k .
configmap/game-config-4-m9dm2f92bt created

您可以检查 ConfigMap 是这样创建的:

kubectl get configmap
NAME                       DATA   AGE
game-config-4-m9dm2f92bt   1      37s


kubectl describe configmaps/game-config-4-m9dm2f92bt
Name:         game-config-4-m9dm2f92bt
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
                {"apiVersion":"v1","data":{"game.properties":"enemies=aliens\nlives=3\nenemies.cheat=true\nenemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten\nsecret.code.p...

Data
====
game.properties:
----
enemies=aliens
lives=3
enemies.cheat=true
enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAS
secret.code.allowed=true
secret.code.lives=30
Events:  <none>

请注意，生成的 ConfigMap 名称具有通过对内容进行散列而附加的后缀，这样可以确保每次修改内容时都会生成新的 ConfigMap。

定义从文件生成 ConfigMap 时要使用的密钥

您可以定义一个非文件名的键，在 ConfigMap 生成器中使用。例如，使用 game-special-key 从 configure-pod-container / configmap / kubectl / game.properties 文件生成 ConfigMap。

# 使用 ConfigMapGenerator 创建 kustomization.yaml 文件
cat <<EOF >./kustomization.yaml
configMapGenerator:
- name: game-config-5
  files:
  - game-special-key=configure-pod-container/configmap/kubectl/game.properties
EOF

使用 Kustomization 目录创建 ConfigMap 对象。

kubectl apply -k .
configmap/game-config-5-m67dt67794 created

从文字值生成 ConfigMap

要从文字 special.type=charm 和 special.how=very 生成 ConfigMap，可以在 kusotmization.yaml 中将 ConfigMap 生成器指定。 <!– ```shell

Create a kustomization.yaml file with ConfigMapGenerator

cat <./kustomization.yaml configMapGenerator: - name: special-config-2 literals: - special.how=very - special.type=charm EOF

shell

使用 ConfigMapGenerator 创建 kustomization.yaml 文件

cat <./kustomization.yaml configMapGenerator: - name: special-config-2 literals: - special.how=very - special.type=charm EOF

<!-- Apply the kustomization directory to create the ConfigMap object. -->
使用 Kustomization 目录创建 ConfigMap 对象。

shell kubectl apply -k . configmap/special-config-2-c92b5mmcf2 created


<!-- ## Define container environment variables using ConfigMap data -->
## 使用 ConfigMap 数据定义容器环境变量

<!-- ### Define a container environment variable with data from a single ConfigMap -->
### 使用单个 ConfigMap 中的数据定义容器环境变量

<!-- 1.  Define an environment variable as a key-value pair in a ConfigMap: -->
1.  在 ConfigMap 中将环境变量定义为键值对:

    ```shell
    kubectl create configmap special-config --from-literal=special.how=very
    ```

<!-- 2.  Assign the `special.how` value defined in the ConfigMap to the `SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY` environment variable in the Pod specification. -->
2. 将 ConfigMap 中定义的 `special.how` 值分配给 Pod 规范中的 `SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY` 环境变量。

   

 













<table class="includecode" id="pods-pod-single-configmap-env-variable-yaml">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>
                <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/master/content/zh/examples/pods/pod-single-configmap-env-variable.yaml" download="pods/pod-single-configmap-env-variable.yaml">
                    <code>pods/pod-single-configmap-env-variable.yaml</code>
                </a>
                <img src="/images/copycode.svg" style="max-height:24px" onclick="copyCode('pods-pod-single-configmap-env-variable-yaml')" title="Copy pods/pod-single-configmap-env-variable.yaml to clipboard">
            </th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td><div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>v1<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>kind:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>Pod<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>metadata:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>dapi-test-pod<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>spec:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>containers:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">    </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>test-container<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>image:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>k8s.gcr.io/busybox<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>command:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>[<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;/bin/sh&#34;</span>,<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;-c&#34;</span>,<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;env&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>]<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>env:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span><span style="color:#080;font-style:italic"># Define the environment variable</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">          </span>valueFrom:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">            </span>configMapKeyRef:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">              </span><span style="color:#080;font-style:italic"># The ConfigMap containing the value you want to assign to SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">              </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>special-config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">              </span><span style="color:#080;font-style:italic"># Specify the key associated with the value</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">              </span>key:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>special.how<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>restartPolicy:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>Never<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></code></pre></div>  </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>



   <!-- Create the Pod: -->
   创建 Pod:

shell kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/pods/pod-single-configmap-env-variable.yaml


   <!-- Now, the Pod's output includes environment variable `SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY=very`. -->
   现在，Pod 的输出包含环境变量 `SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY=very`。

<!-- ### Define container environment variables with data from multiple ConfigMaps -->
### 使用来自多个 ConfigMap 的数据定义容器环境变量

 <!-- * As with the previous example, create the ConfigMaps first. -->
 * 与前面的示例一样，首先创建 ConfigMap。

   

 













<table class="includecode" id="configmap-configmaps-yaml">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>
                <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/master/content/zh/examples/configmap/configmaps.yaml" download="configmap/configmaps.yaml">
                    <code>configmap/configmaps.yaml</code>
                </a>
                <img src="/images/copycode.svg" style="max-height:24px" onclick="copyCode('configmap-configmaps-yaml')" title="Copy configmap/configmaps.yaml to clipboard">
            </th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td><div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>v1<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>kind:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>ConfigMap<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>metadata:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>special-config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>namespace:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>default<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>data:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>special.how:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>very<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>---<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>apiVersion:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>v1<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>kind:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>ConfigMap<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>metadata:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>env-config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>namespace:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>default<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>data:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>log_level:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>INFO<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></code></pre></div>  </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>



   <!-- Create the ConfigMap: -->
   创建 ConfigMap:

shell kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/configmap/configmaps.yaml


<!-- * Define the environment variables in the Pod specification. -->
* 在 Pod 规范中定义环境变量。

  

 













<table class="includecode" id="pods-pod-multiple-configmap-env-variable-yaml">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>
                <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/master/content/zh/examples/pods/pod-multiple-configmap-env-variable.yaml" download="pods/pod-multiple-configmap-env-variable.yaml">
                    <code>pods/pod-multiple-configmap-env-variable.yaml</code>
                </a>
                <img src="/images/copycode.svg" style="max-height:24px" onclick="copyCode('pods-pod-multiple-configmap-env-variable-yaml')" title="Copy pods/pod-multiple-configmap-env-variable.yaml to clipboard">
            </th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td><div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>v1<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>kind:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>Pod<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>metadata:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>dapi-test-pod<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>spec:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>containers:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">    </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>test-container<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>image:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>k8s.gcr.io/busybox<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>command:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>[<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;/bin/sh&#34;</span>,<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;-c&#34;</span>,<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;env&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>]<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>env:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">          </span>valueFrom:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">            </span>configMapKeyRef:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">              </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>special-config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">              </span>key:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>special.how<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>LOG_LEVEL<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">          </span>valueFrom:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">            </span>configMapKeyRef:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">              </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>env-config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">              </span>key:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>log_level<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>restartPolicy:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>Never<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></code></pre></div>  </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>



  <!-- Create the Pod: -->
  创建 Pod:

shell kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/pods/pod-multiple-configmap-env-variable.yaml


  <!-- Now, the Pod's output includes environment variables `SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY=very` and `LOG_LEVEL=INFO`. -->
  现在，Pod 的输出包含环境变量 `SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY=very` 和 `LOG_LEVEL=INFO`。

<!-- ## Configure all key-value pairs in a ConfigMap as container environment variables -->
## 将 ConfigMap 中的所有键值对配置为容器环境变量

<blockquote class="note">
  <div><strong>注意：</strong> <!-- This functionality is available in Kubernetes v1.6 and later. -->

<p>Kubernetes v1.6 和更高版本提供了此功能。</div>
</blockquote>

<!-- * Create a ConfigMap containing multiple key-value pairs. -->
* 创建一个包含多个键值对的 ConfigMap。

  

 













<table class="includecode" id="configmap-configmap-multikeys-yaml">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>
                <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/master/content/zh/examples/configmap/configmap-multikeys.yaml" download="configmap/configmap-multikeys.yaml">
                    <code>configmap/configmap-multikeys.yaml</code>
                </a>
                <img src="/images/copycode.svg" style="max-height:24px" onclick="copyCode('configmap-configmap-multikeys-yaml')" title="Copy configmap/configmap-multikeys.yaml to clipboard">
            </th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td><div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>v1<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>kind:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>ConfigMap<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>metadata:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>special-config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>namespace:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>default<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>data:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>SPECIAL_LEVEL:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>very<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>SPECIAL_TYPE:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>charm<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></code></pre></div>  </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>



  <!-- Create the ConfigMap: -->
  创建 ConfigMap:

shell kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/configmap/configmap-multikeys.yaml


<!-- * Use `envFrom` to define all of the ConfigMap's data as container environment variables. The key from the ConfigMap becomes the environment variable name in the Pod. -->
* 使用 `envFrom` 将所有 ConfigMap 的数据定义为容器环境变量，ConfigMap 中的键成为 Pod 中的环境变量名称。

 

 













<table class="includecode" id="pods-pod-configmap-envfrom-yaml">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>
                <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/master/content/zh/examples/pods/pod-configmap-envFrom.yaml" download="pods/pod-configmap-envFrom.yaml">
                    <code>pods/pod-configmap-envFrom.yaml</code>
                </a>
                <img src="/images/copycode.svg" style="max-height:24px" onclick="copyCode('pods-pod-configmap-envfrom-yaml')" title="Copy pods/pod-configmap-envFrom.yaml to clipboard">
            </th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td><div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>v1<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>kind:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>Pod<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>metadata:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>dapi-test-pod<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>spec:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>containers:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">    </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>test-container<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>image:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>k8s.gcr.io/busybox<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>command:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>[<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;/bin/sh&#34;</span>,<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;-c&#34;</span>,<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;env&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>]<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>envFrom:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>configMapRef:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">          </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>special-config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>restartPolicy:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>Never<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></code></pre></div>  </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>



 <!-- Create the Pod: -->
创建 Pod:

shell kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/pods/pod-configmap-envFrom.yaml


 <!-- Now, the Pod's output includes environment variables `SPECIAL_LEVEL=very` and `SPECIAL_TYPE=charm`. -->
现在，Pod 的输出包含环境变量 `SPECIAL_LEVEL=very` 和 `SPECIAL_TYPE=charm`。


<!-- ## Use ConfigMap-defined environment variables in Pod commands -->
## 在 Pod 命令中使用 ConfigMap 定义的环境变量

<!-- You can use ConfigMap-defined environment variables in the `command` section of the Pod specification using the `$(VAR_NAME)` Kubernetes substitution syntax. -->
您可以使用 `$(VAR_NAME)` Kubernetes 替换语法在 Pod 规范的 `command` 部分中使用 ConfigMap 定义的环境变量。

<!-- For example, the following Pod specification -->
例如，以下 Pod 规范



 













<table class="includecode" id="pods-pod-configmap-env-var-valuefrom-yaml">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>
                <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/master/content/zh/examples/pods/pod-configmap-env-var-valueFrom.yaml" download="pods/pod-configmap-env-var-valueFrom.yaml">
                    <code>pods/pod-configmap-env-var-valueFrom.yaml</code>
                </a>
                <img src="/images/copycode.svg" style="max-height:24px" onclick="copyCode('pods-pod-configmap-env-var-valuefrom-yaml')" title="Copy pods/pod-configmap-env-var-valueFrom.yaml to clipboard">
            </th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td><div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>v1<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>kind:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>Pod<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>metadata:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>dapi-test-pod<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>spec:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>containers:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">    </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>test-container<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>image:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>k8s.gcr.io/busybox<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>command:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>[<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;/bin/sh&#34;</span>,<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;-c&#34;</span>,<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;echo $(SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY) $(SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY)&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>]<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>env:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">          </span>valueFrom:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">            </span>configMapKeyRef:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">              </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>special-config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">              </span>key:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>SPECIAL_LEVEL<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">          </span>valueFrom:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">            </span>configMapKeyRef:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">              </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>special-config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">              </span>key:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>SPECIAL_TYPE<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>restartPolicy:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>Never<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></code></pre></div>  </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>



<!-- created by running -->
通过运行创建

shell kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/pods/pod-configmap-env-var-valueFrom.yaml


<!-- produces the following output in the `test-container` container: -->
在 `test-container` 容器中产生以下输出:

shell very charm


<!-- ## Add ConfigMap data to a Volume -->
## 将 ConfigMap 数据添加到一个容器中

<!-- As explained in [Create ConfigMaps from files](#create-configmaps-from-files), when you create a ConfigMap using ``--from-file``, the filename becomes a key stored in the `data` section of the ConfigMap. The file contents become the key's value. -->
如[根据文件创建ConfigMap](＃create-configmaps-from-files)中所述，当您使用 ``--from-file`` 创建 ConfigMap 时，文件名成为存储在 ConfigMap 的 `data` 部分中的密钥，文件内容成为密钥的值。

<!-- The examples in this section refer to a ConfigMap named special-config, shown below. -->
本节中的示例引用了一个名为 special-config 的 ConfigMap，如下所示：



 













<table class="includecode" id="configmap-configmap-multikeys-yaml">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>
                <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/master/content/zh/examples/configmap/configmap-multikeys.yaml" download="configmap/configmap-multikeys.yaml">
                    <code>configmap/configmap-multikeys.yaml</code>
                </a>
                <img src="/images/copycode.svg" style="max-height:24px" onclick="copyCode('configmap-configmap-multikeys-yaml')" title="Copy configmap/configmap-multikeys.yaml to clipboard">
            </th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td><div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>v1<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>kind:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>ConfigMap<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>metadata:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>special-config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>namespace:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>default<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>data:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>SPECIAL_LEVEL:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>very<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>SPECIAL_TYPE:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>charm<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></code></pre></div>  </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>



<!-- Create the ConfigMap: -->
创建 ConfigMap:

shell kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/configmap/configmap-multikeys.yaml


<!-- ### Populate a Volume with data stored in a ConfigMap -->
### 使用存储在 ConfigMap 中的数据填充容器

<!-- Add the ConfigMap name under the `volumes` section of the Pod specification.
This adds the ConfigMap data to the directory specified as `volumeMounts.mountPath` (in this case, `/etc/config`).
The `command` section references the `special.level` item stored in the ConfigMap. -->
在 Pod 规范的 `volumes` 部分下添加 ConfigMap 名称。
这会将 ConfigMap 数据添加到指定为 `volumeMounts.mountPath` 的目录(在本例中为`/etc/config`)。
`command` 引用存储在 ConfigMap 中的 `special.level`。



 













<table class="includecode" id="pods-pod-configmap-volume-yaml">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>
                <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/master/content/zh/examples/pods/pod-configmap-volume.yaml" download="pods/pod-configmap-volume.yaml">
                    <code>pods/pod-configmap-volume.yaml</code>
                </a>
                <img src="/images/copycode.svg" style="max-height:24px" onclick="copyCode('pods-pod-configmap-volume-yaml')" title="Copy pods/pod-configmap-volume.yaml to clipboard">
            </th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td><div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>v1<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>kind:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>Pod<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>metadata:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>dapi-test-pod<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>spec:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>containers:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">    </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>test-container<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>image:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>k8s.gcr.io/busybox<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>command:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>[<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;/bin/sh&#34;</span>,<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;-c&#34;</span>,<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;ls /etc/config/&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>]<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>volumeMounts:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>config-volume<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span>mountPath:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>/etc/config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>volumes:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">    </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>config-volume<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>configMap:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span><span style="color:#080;font-style:italic"># Provide the name of the ConfigMap containing the files you want</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span><span style="color:#080;font-style:italic"># to add to the container</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>special-config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>restartPolicy:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>Never<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></code></pre></div>  </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>



<!-- Create the Pod: -->
创建Pod:

shell kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/pods/pod-configmap-volume.yaml


<!-- When the pod runs, the command `ls /etc/config/` produces the output below: -->
运行命令 `ls /etc/config/` 产生下面的输出:

shell SPECIAL_LEVEL SPECIAL_TYPE


<blockquote class="caution">
  <div><strong>警告:</strong> <!-- If there are some files in the `/etc/config/` directory, they will be deleted. -->

<p>如果在 <code>/etc/config/</code> 目录中有一些文件，它们将被删除。</div>
</blockquote>


<!-- ### Add ConfigMap data to a specific path in the Volume -->
### 将 ConfigMap 数据添加到容器中的特定路径

<!-- Use the `path` field to specify the desired file path for specific ConfigMap items.
In this case, the `SPECIAL_LEVEL` item will be mounted in the `config-volume` volume at `/etc/config/keys`. -->
使用 `path` 字段为特定的 ConfigMap 项目指定所需的文件路径。
在这种情况下, `SPECIAL_LEVEL` 将安装在 `/etc/config/keys` 目录下的 `config-volume` 容器中。



 













<table class="includecode" id="pods-pod-configmap-volume-specific-key-yaml">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>
                <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/master/content/zh/examples/pods/pod-configmap-volume-specific-key.yaml" download="pods/pod-configmap-volume-specific-key.yaml">
                    <code>pods/pod-configmap-volume-specific-key.yaml</code>
                </a>
                <img src="/images/copycode.svg" style="max-height:24px" onclick="copyCode('pods-pod-configmap-volume-specific-key-yaml')" title="Copy pods/pod-configmap-volume-specific-key.yaml to clipboard">
            </th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td><div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>v1<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>kind:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>Pod<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>metadata:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>dapi-test-pod<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"></span>spec:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>containers:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">    </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>test-container<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>image:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>k8s.gcr.io/busybox<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>command:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>[<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#b44">&#34;/bin/sh&#34;</span>,<span style="color:#b44">&#34;-c&#34;</span>,<span style="color:#b44">&#34;cat /etc/config/keys&#34;</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span>]<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>volumeMounts:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>config-volume<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span>mountPath:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>/etc/config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>volumes:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">    </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>config-volume<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">      </span>configMap:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span>name:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>special-config<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span>items:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">        </span>-<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>key:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>SPECIAL_LEVEL<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">          </span>path:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>keys<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">  </span>restartPolicy:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>Never<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></code></pre></div>  </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>



<!-- Create the Pod: -->
创建Pod:

shell kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/pods/pod-configmap-volume-specific-key.yaml


<!-- When the pod runs, the command `cat /etc/config/keys` produces the output below: -->
当 pod 运行时，命令 `cat /etc/config/keys` 产生以下输出:

shell very ```

警告:
和以前一样，/etc/config/ 目录中的所有先前文件都将被删除。

项目密钥以指定路径和文件权限

您可以将密钥映射到每个文件的特定路径和特定权限。Secrets 用户指南说明了语法。

挂载的 ConfigMap 将自动更新

更新已经在容器中使用的 ConfigMap 时，最终也会更新映射键。Kubelet 实时检查是否在每个定期同步中都更新已安装的 ConfigMap。它使用其基于本地 ttl 的缓存来获取 ConfigMap 的当前值。结果，从更新 ConfigMap 到将新密钥映射到 Pod 的总延迟可以与 ConfigMap 在 kubelet 中缓存的 kubelet 同步周期 ttl 一样长。

注意：
使用 ConfigMap 作为子路径subPath的容器将不会收到 ConfigMap 更新。

了解 ConfigMap 和 Pod

ConfigMap API 资源将配置数据存储为键值对。数据可以在 Pod 中使用，也可以提供系统组件(如控制器)的配置。ConfigMap 与 Secrets类似，但是提供了一种使用不包含敏感信息的字符串的方法。用户和系统组件都可以在 ConfigMap 中存储配置数据。

注意：
ConfigMap 应该引用属性文件，而不是替换它们。可以将 ConfigMap 表示为类似于 Linux /etc 目录及其内容的东西。例如，如果您从 ConfigMap 创建Kubernetes Volume，则 ConfigMap 中的每个数据项都由该容器中的单个文件表示。

ConfigMap 的 data 字段包含配置数据。如下例所示，它可以很简单 – 就像使用 --from-literal – 定义的单个属性一样，也可以很复杂 – 例如使用 --from-file 定义的配置文件或 JSON blob。

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2016-02-18T19:14:38Z
  name: example-config
  namespace: default
data:
  # example of a simple property defined using --from-literal
  example.property.1: hello
  example.property.2: world
  # example of a complex property defined using --from-file
  example.property.file: |-
    property.1=value-1
    property.2=value-2
    property.3=value-3

限制规定

在 Pod 规范中引用它之前，必须先创建一个 ConfigMap(除非将 ConfigMap 标记为”可选”)。如果引用的 ConfigMap 不存在，则 Pod 将不会启动。同样，对 ConfigMap 中不存在的键的引用将阻止容器启动。

如果您使用 envFrom 从 ConfigMap 中定义环境变量，那么将忽略被认为无效的键。可以启动 Pod，但无效名称将记录在事件日志中(InvalidVariableNames)。日志消息列出了每个跳过的键。例如:
```
kubectl get events
```

输出与此类似:

   LASTSEEN FIRSTSEEN COUNT NAME          KIND  SUBOBJECT  TYPE      REASON                            SOURCE                MESSAGE
   0s       0s        1     dapi-test-pod Pod              Warning   InvalidEnvironmentVariableNames   {kubelet, 127.0.0.1}  Keys [1badkey, 2alsobad] from the EnvFrom configMap default/myconfig were skipped since they are considered invalid environment variable names.

ConfigMaps reside in a specific 命令空间. A ConfigMap can only be referenced by pods residing in the same namespace. ConfigMap 驻留在特定的命令空间中。ConfigMap 只能由位于相同命令空间中的 Pod 引用。

Kubelet 不支持将 ConfigMap 用于未在 API 服务器上找到的 Pod。这包括通过 Kubelet 的 --manifest-url 参数，--config 参数或者 Kubelet REST API 创建的容器。

注意：

这些不是创建 pods 的常用方法。

接下来

遵循使用ConfigMap配置Redis的真实案例。

反馈

此页是否对您有帮助？

感谢反馈。如果您有一个关于如何使用 Kubernetes 的特定的、需要答案的问题，可以访问 Stack Overflow. 在 GitHub 仓库上登记新的问题报告问题或者提出改进建议.

任务

Kubernetes v1.16 版本的文档已不再维护。您现在看到的版本来自于一份静态的快照。如需查阅最新文档，请点击 最新版本。

使用 ConfigMap 配置 Pod

准备开始

创建 ConfigMap

使用 kubectl 创建 ConfigMap

根据目录创建 ConfigMap

Create the local directory

Download the sample files into configure-pod-container/configmap/ directory

Create the configmap

根据文件创建 ConfigMap

定义从文件创建 ConfigMa p时要使用的密钥

根据文字值创建 ConfigMap

根据生成器创建 ConfigMap

根据文件生成 ConfigMap

定义从文件生成 ConfigMap 时要使用的密钥

从文字值生成 ConfigMap

Create a kustomization.yaml file with ConfigMapGenerator

使用 ConfigMapGenerator 创建 kustomization.yaml 文件

项目密钥以指定路径和文件权限

挂载的 ConfigMap 将自动更新

了解 ConfigMap 和 Pod

限制规定

接下来

反馈

Kubernetes v1.16 版本的文档已不再维护。您现在看到的版本来自于一份静态的快照。如需查阅最新文档，请点击最新版本。

Download the sample files into `configure-pod-container/configmap/` directory